literary journals

literary journals
   Despite the constant complaints from writers and literary critics about the limitations of readership in Spain, there is a substantial number of literary journals, of varying degrees of durability and financial health. Of those which have shown a capacity for survival over time, and have acquired a certain prestige, perhaps the most widely read is Insula, founded in 1946. Ínsula played a key role in disseminating literary culture during the Franco dictatorship, and defied government censorship by giving prominence to dissident writers, many of them living in exile. The Revista de Occidente, founded in 1923 by José Ortega y Gasset, is of greater antiquity, but has not enjoyed the same unbroken continuity, having been in abeyance between 1936 and 1963, and again between 1975 and 1980. The CSIC publishes the Revista de Literatura, formerly Cuadernos de Literatura. Founded in 1942, it covers a wide range of aspects of literary study, including documentary research, literary history and literary theory. A similar academic publication is Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos, published since 1948 by the Instituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana. A lively modern addition to the range is El Urugallo, which first appeared between 1970 and 1975, and was relaunched in 1986. It has extensive coverage of literary and cultural events in Spain and abroad. Though there is no exact equivalent in Spain of the Times Literary Supplement or the New York Review of Books, El Urugallo and other publications such as Saber Leer, a relatively new journal (1987-) published by the Juan March Foundation, help to keep readers abreast of cultural life both in Spain and elsewhere. It should also be noted that the literary supplements of the major national dailies make an important contribution towards fulfilling the same role. Outside the capital, Serra d'Or, published since 1959 entirely in Catalan, by the Benedictine monks of Montserrat, has ample coverage of literature, film and drama, in addition to its main task of promoting discussion of theological topics. Despite its important role in the defence of Catalan culture and language, its focus is not purely regional, but European and international. Regional publications properly so-called include Nordes, a Galician journal of poetry and criticism launched in La Coruña in 1975, La Página (La Laguna, Tenerife), and the Basque Urruzuno Literatur Lehia-keta (Vitoria).
   The Royal Academies and the universities also produce several titles, though some are sporadic in their appearance. The Boletín de la Real Academia Española is one of the most prestigious. The University of Santiago de Compostela produces Estudios de Literatura Contemporánea, and the University of Alicante Anales de Literatura Española. Modern developments in literary theory and cultural studies have stimulated new journals such as Tropelías (University of Zaragoza, 1990-). In terms of circulation, the most successful journals are the Revista de Occidente and Saber Leer, each with 20,000 subscribers, though in the case of the former it should be noted that many copies are sold to institutions and individuals outside Spain. El Urogallo and Serra d'Or each have a circulation of around 15,000. This compares at one end of the scale with the relatively low circulation of Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos (2,000), and that of a medium-circulation non-literary monthly such as Comercio e Industria, which has around 80,000 subscribers.
   EAMONN RODGERS

Encyclopedia of contemporary Spanish culture. 2013.

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